2019 Research

Lymphopenia Linked to Earlier Death Lymphopenia is a condition characterized by low levels of a specific type of white blood cell, called lymphocytes. A December 2019 study published in JAMA Network Open showed that lymphopenia is associated with death due to heart disease, cancer and respiratory infections, including influenza and pneumonia. This relationship between lymphocyte levels and mortality was observed independent of age, other blood-based immune markers and clinical risk factors. Conclusions: "These findings suggest that lymphopenia is associated with reduced survival independently of and additive to traditional risk factors."(Cleveland Clinic; Zidar et al. 2019) A significant factor in the development of lymphopenia is lymphocyte apoptosis (cell suicide). The spleen contains about one-fourth of the body's lymphocytes and initiates immune responses. Prolonged exposure to the low concentration of fluoride resulted in a significant negative impact on mammalian spleen. Animal research shows that fluoride treatment increased lymphocytes apoptosis. Fluoride-induced apoptosis is an important mechanism of fluoride cytotoxicity and is known to be associated with the ER stress.* (Deng et al. 2016) Prolonged exposure to the low concentration of fluoride resulted in a significant negative impact on mammalian spleen. (Podder et al. 2010)

*ER stress is one of the major pathological pathways
involving fluoride in neurodegenerative and vascular diseases:


Published in the October 2019 Townsend Letter:
The Examiner of Alternative Medicine